Which medications are known to increase Lithium levels?

The correct answer, which identifies ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and NSAIDs as medications that can increase lithium levels, is grounded in understanding how these drugs interact with lithium metabolism and excretion in the body.

ACE inhibitors can decrease renal blood flow, which may result in reduced lithium clearance, leading to elevated serum lithium levels. Diuretics, particularly thiazide diuretics, can also lead to increased levels of lithium by causing volume depletion. When renal perfusion is reduced due to a decrease in blood volume, lithium clearance can be significantly diminished. Similarly, NSAIDs can affect renal function and lithium excretion; they inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are important for maintaining renal blood flow and function. With reduced prostaglandin synthesis, there can be a rise in serum lithium levels, increasing the risk of toxicity.

Understanding these interactions is crucial for clinicians prescribing lithium, as patients on these medications require careful monitoring of lithium levels to prevent toxicity. This knowledge is important for ensuring patient safety and effective management of conditions treated with lithium.