Which characteristics increase the risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder?

Individuals with bipolar disorder are at an increased risk of suicidal behavior due to a variety of factors. Previous attempts at suicide are one of the most significant indicators of future risk; a history of suicidal behavior demonstrates a pattern that necessitates careful monitoring and intervention. Additionally, substance abuse further compounds this risk. It often leads to impaired judgment and exacerbates the mood instability that characterizes bipolar disorder, making individuals more prone to impulsive actions and self-harm.

The other options provide a contrast to the characteristics that elevate the risk of suicide. Stable mood and support tend to be protective factors, not risk factors; they can provide a buffer against the severe mood swings that can lead to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. High socioeconomic status does not inherently increase the risk of suicidal behavior and may even offer some protective elements due to better access to support and resources. Long-term treatment compliance is also crucial as it usually leads to better outcomes and stability in mood, thereby reducing the likelihood of suicidal behavior. Thus, the combination of previous attempts and substance abuse underscores a significant risk profile for individuals with bipolar disorder.