What psychological theory primarily discusses the concept of defense mechanisms like Reaction Formation?

The identification of Psychoanalytic Theory as the correct answer is firmly rooted in its foundational principles developed by Sigmund Freud. This theory extensively explores the role of the unconscious mind and the various ways individuals cope with anxiety and internal conflicts. Defense mechanisms, such as Reaction Formation, are integral to this theoretical framework. Reaction Formation refers to the process of denying unacceptable feelings or impulses by embracing their opposites, a classic example of how individuals unconsciously manage emotional distress.

Psychoanalytic Theory allows for a nuanced understanding of these mechanisms, emphasizing how they help maintain psychological balance and protect the self from distressing thoughts or feelings. This contrasts sharply with Cognitive Behavioral Theory, which focuses more on the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors rather than on unconscious processes. Similarly, Humanistic Theory emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, and Behavioral Theory concentrates on observable behavior rather than internal psychological processes. Thus, the discussion of defense mechanisms and their psychological significance is most appropriately situated within Psychoanalytic Theory.