What is the first-line treatment for overdose due to amphetamines or cocaine?

Benzodiazepines are considered the first-line treatment for overdose due to amphetamines or cocaine due to their effectiveness in managing agitation, anxiety, and seizures, which are common symptoms associated with these types of overdose. These substances can lead to sympathomimetic effects, including tachycardia, hypertension, and extreme agitation. Benzodiazepines help to sedate the patient and stabilize their condition, providing a safe means of treating the psychological and physical symptoms without the risk of further exacerbating the situation.

Utilizing benzodiazepines allows for control over the sympathetic overactivity without the potential complications associated with other medications. This makes them the most appropriate choice for managing acute intoxication from stimulants. Other medications listed, such as flumazenil, physostigmine, and atropine, do not specifically address the symptoms related to stimulant overdose and could, in fact, introduce additional risks or complications when used in this context.